Table 2 Limit and shakedown load multipliers of cylindrical pipe subjected to internal pressure and bending
Load combination | Elastic factor | Limit factor (perfectly plastic) | Shakedown factor (perfectly plastic) | Shakedown factor (bounded hardening) | Shakedown factor (unbounded hardening) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0p_1.0 M | 0.7338 | 1.0012 | 0.7338 | 0.7338 | 0.7338 |
0.2p_1.0 M | 0.7228 | 0.9870 | 0.7297 | 0.7310 | 0.7304 |
0.4p_1.0 M | 0.7011 | 0.9478 | 0.7228 | 0.7236 | 0.7231 |
0.6p_1.0 M | 0.6570 | 0.8914 | 0.7131 | 0.7132 | 0.7134 |
0.8p_1.0 M | 0.6023 | 0.8267 | 0.7011 | 0.7013 | 0.7014 |
1.0p_1.0 M | 0.5509 | 0.7608 | 0.6667 | 0.6855 | 0.6853 |
1.0p_0.8 M | 0.6168 | 0.8540 | 0.7696 | 0.8128 | 0.8127 |
1.0p_0.6 M | 0.6921 | 0.9556 | 0.8906 | 0.9894 | 0.9894 |
1.0p_0.4 M | 0.7727 | 1.0546 | 1.0179 | 1.2318 | 1.2346 |
1.0p_0.2 M | 0.8486 | 1.1306 | 1.1204 | 1.3874 | 1.5506 |
1.0p_0.0 M | 0.9019 | 1.1589 | 1.1586 | 1.4482 | 1.8091 |