Figure 1From: Application of the duality in the finite element analysis of shell: self-dual metis planar shell elements A triangular element with quadratic displacement field along the edges. (a) Membrane element with quadratic displacement field. Conformity is satisfied with 12 nodal connectors. (b) Dual element for plate bending with quadratic stress field. Boundary equilibrium (diffusivity) is satisfied with 12 stress connectors. (c) Corresponding element for plate bending with linear moment field. Boundary equilibrium (diffusivity) requires 12 nodal forces.Back to article page